What Deviance Is Today s Society Essay - 1081 Words

What defines deviance in today’s society? Is it the abnormal things that people don’t usually do or is it just criminal behavior? Deviance has brought up many questions on what could be defined as it. Deviance is usually shaped by society. It can be defined as the violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law (OpenStax 142). Sociologist want to see why deviance has so many different areas and how it effects a group in a society. For example, deviance can be a male cross dressing as a female or female making a scene on public transportation. It all goes about on how people see things that is not acceptable to society. In a sense, it’s like social control. Social control can be defined as the regulation and enforcement of norms (OpenStax 144). Social Control lies under social order to make sure everything is maintained. For example, when you have a job and you violate the guidelines, the boss usually steps in to enforce them. Deviance can be viewed in three different theoretical views. These views are functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Whether an act is labeled deviant or not depends on many factors, including location, audience, and the individual committing the act (Becker 1963) (OpenStax 143). Functionalism can be defined as the different elements that can contribute to a society as a whole. For example, someone who is homosexual would be considered deviant. Society sees that a homosexualShow MoreRelatedDeviance : Deviance And Deviance1335 Words   |  6 Pages Deviance is defined as the fact or state of departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior. There are many different forms of deviance in today s society. Something that is viewed as being deviant in one culture might be seen as normal in another. There are many different types and theories in which define deviance, however their are 3 broad categories, these 3 categories are positivist, relativist, and critical conceptions of deviance. These 3 categories areRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Deviance And Eugenics1542 Words   |  7 Pages GEISY COBAS SOCIOLOGY 443 ANALYSIS PAPER THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF DEVIANCE AND EUGENICS â€Æ' ABSTRACT In this paper I will be analyzing the social construct of deviance and the topic of Eugenics theoretically, and how this practice transitioned from being deviant back in the early 20th century to a modern technology that can be used to help parents have healthy children. I will use different scholarly sources to compare and review different positions in the theories used as they relate toRead MoreSocial Deviance951 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Deviance Compiled by Parul Parihar As Young and Mack have pointed out, â€Å"No norm is always obeyed; no individual always conforms to every set of expectations†. Hence, deviance, that is, the act of going against the rules or norms is there everywhere. Deviant Behaviour such as knavery, cheating, adultery, unfairness, crime, malingering, immorality, dishonesty, betrayal, burglary, corruption, cunningness, sneakiness, wickednessRead MorePositive Functions of Deviance1641 Words   |  7 Pageshear of the word â€Å"deviance†, what we immediately think of is something that is negative, something you would not want to be associated with, that is, we think of universally unaccepted things like murder and rape, or we think of the disabled or blind man begging at the street corner. As a result we view deviance as something that should be removed from society and once society becomes free of deviance, it becomes healthy and close to perfect. According to Aggleton (1987: 7), â€Å"deviance could be definedRea d MoreWhat is Deviance? Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pages Deviance can be defined as an absence of conformity to the social norm. Not all deviant behavior is necessarily illegal or harmful to individuals, these behaviors can range from standing in another’s personal space to murdering another individual. In some cases, it can be looked upon as a positive change or a unique and favorable act. Although, considered deviant because it is not the social norm, it still can have a very positive social aspect or lead to social change. Culture and the societiesRead MoreBiography of Emile Durkheim1258 Words   |  6 Pageshe then continued with his work however he eventually died, in Paris, on November 15th, 1917. He was, and is still today, one of the many key thinkers in the field of criminology. Durkheim said himself that it was mainly influenced by the philosopher August Comte. He wrote about ten books though is probably best known for his books on ‘suicide’ and â €˜the division of labour in society’. Four extra pieces of work were published posthumously. Durkheim attended Collà ¨ge d Epinal where he was soRead MoreProstitution as a Form of Deviance Essay examples634 Words   |  3 PagesProstitution as a Form of Deviance In sociology, the term deviance refers to all violations of social rules, regardless of their seriousness (Essentials of Sociology 136). Deviance is an individual or organizational behavior that violates societal norms and is usually accompanied by negative reactions from others. According to a sociologist S. Becker, he stated that it is not the act itself that makes an action deviant, but rather how society reacts to it. A particular state of being thatRead MoreComparing The Ideas Of Edwin Sutherland1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the ideas of Edwin Sutherland from his 1940 publication of White-Collar Criminality with attitudes towards crime in the world today, specifically in George Ritzer’s Essentials of Sociology textbook, I believe that Sutherland would be fairly happy with the treatment of crime. The textbook’s treatment of the topic of crime aligns very well with Sutherland’s outlook. Ideas of crime seemed to be treated fairly in the text, avoiding the classic pitfalls of saying that crime is always associatedRead MoreLabelling Theory And Its Impact On Society1629 Words   |  7 Pageshighlight the main features of the labelling theory and evaluate its contribution to the research of crime and deviance. The labelling theory gets to be overwhelming in the 1960s and 1970s when it was utilized as a sociological idea of crime compelling in testing orthodox positivist criminology. The key individuals to this theory were Becker and Lemert. The establishments of this viewpoint of deviance are said to have been initially settled by Lemert, (1951) and were in this manner created by Becker, (1963)Read MoreEver Since The Beginning Of Time, Humans Needed Some Type1256 Words   |  6 Pagesenforcing norms: rules of behavior that are considered acceptable in a group or society. One thing that has seemed to be unacceptable and out of the norms in the past and a huge controversial topic was someone’s sexuality. Homosexulity is a very controversial topic, years ago and even today, there are many mixed feelings and different opinions, but one thing that is for sure, is that times have really changed since then, what it’s like to identify as LGBT in America. A news article that was jus t published

Surah Fatiha Free Essays

Surah Fatiha is the first surah of the quran. This surah is also called†The Mother of the Quran†. Surah Fatiha is considered as a summarized surah of the Quran. We will write a custom essay sample on Surah Fatiha or any similar topic only for you Order Now We recite Surah Fatiha 17times a day in our 5 time prayers.† When the Prophet Muhammad ? said to a companion that he would teach him the greatest chapter in the Quran, he recited Surah Al Fatihah† The Prophet Muhammad ? said that â€Å"Whoever does not recite Surah Al Fatihah in his prayer, his prayer is invalid†. This Surah is a condition for the effectiveness of the prayer. It is the Makki Surah of the Holy Quran, which means that it was revealed on the Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) while He was in Makkah. It was initially the 5th chapter to be disclosed but after Furqan e Hameed was assembled together, it was put at the beginning.Surah Al-Fatiha itself means â€Å"The Opening† as this chapter comes right at the start of the Holy Book. Moreover, it also serves as the starting of Salah. It also has the honor of being the very first Surah that is made known completely. Although it consists of 7 Ayats only, but it still explains the Veneration of the Almighty in a very comprehensive fashion and also is a great means of supplication of asking Allah for keeping one on the right path.Virtues of Surah FatihaThere are many virtues associated with this Surah. Hazrat Abu Saeed al-Khudri narrates: â€Å"While on a journey we halted at a place. A girl came to us and said: â€Å"The chief of this tribe has been stung by a scorpion and our men are not present, is there anybody amongst you who can recite something upon him to treat him?† Then, one of our men went along with her although we did not think that he knew any such treatment. However, our friend went to the chief and recited something upon him and the chief was cured. Thereupon, the chief gave him thirty sheep and gave us all milk to drink. When he returned, we asked our friend: â€Å"Did you know anything to recite upon him to cure him?† He said: â€Å"No, I only recited Umm al-Kitab (i.e. Surah al-Fatiha) upon him.† We said that do not do anything until we reach Madinah and ask the Prophet regarding this (practice and rewardwhether the sheep were lawful or not for us). Upon reaching Madinah, we narrated this to the Prophet (PBUH), whereupon he remarked: â€Å"How did he come to know that Al-Fatiha can be used as a cure? (PBUH) Distribute your reward amongst yourselves and a lot a share for me as well†.† (Sahih Bukhari)Theme of Surah FatihaThe essence of the Quran is Surah Fatiha. Surah fatiha is paired surah. It can be recited alone but you cannot start reciting other surah before Surah Fatiha, we must have to recite Surah Fatiha and then the other Surah of the Quran. Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) said† The greatest i can recite is Surah Fatiha. This surah has a mind boogling tafseer and its impact on human life is great. This is the only surah on which Allah Himself commented, there is no other surah than this on which Alllah commented. Surah Fatiha starts with the praise of Allah and ends with a dua that Allah guide us the path on which your mercy is bestowed not the opposite of this. Brief Tafseer of Surah Fatiha1)In the Name of Allah The first ayah of Surah Fatiha is: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. (Al-Fatiha: This phrase is known as the bismillah. It is good to recite it before doing any action.Surah Fatiha is the surah which makes every muslim wheather he is Aalim(Scholar), or Jahil, man or woman to accept that they dont to how to live life.If you accept that you know nothing than Surah Fatiha is the guidance surah, which shows how to live a perfect life, which path to follow and who to obey. All Praise is due to Allah The second ayah is: All praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. (Al-Fatiha: 2) The Meaning of Hamd and the Difference between Hamd and Shukr Hamd means praise and also thankfulness. The scholars differed as to the relation between the words hamd and shukr. Some said that they both have the same meaning. So, the meaning of hamd, in their view, is the same as shukr (thankfulness, gratitude). Hamd is something which must be done with love and reverence, but shukr does not need this. Shukr is done in response to a favour which is done to a person but hamd is done simply because the one being praised and thanked is worthy of that. â€Å"Whatever is created in between land and sky is created for a mean but non-muslim dont understand and deny the existence of Allah. If we ponder in the universe we see the huge and perfectly creation of everything so we came to conclusion that who created perfect design of a universe must be a perfect creator and surely these people are the best who know their God. The word Rab which means master of the master in terms of having full knowledge of each and everything. The Beneficent, The Most Merciful The third ayah is: The Beneficent, The Most Merciful. (Al-Fatih: 3) We see that these two words are already mentioned above and now they are mentioned again. The previous ayah mentioned that Allah is the Rab of the mankind. So again in this ayah it says the Ar-rehman and Raheem which means Allah being the Rab of the Mankind is all part of mercy for us, Allah is one who loves humans 70times more than a mother’s love. Master of the Day of Reward The fourth ayah is: The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense. (Al-Fatiha: 4) Malik which means king, the dominion of a person. In this ayah we clearly see that Allah is the lord of the mankind. At the day of judgement when all mankind will be gathered and each person will be either rewarded or punished on their deeds. We see that Allah is the one who will have absolute power on the day of judgment and no other creation will hold such power to resist the enforcement of punishments that He decrees or to prevent anyone from receiving the rewards that He decides to confer. You (Alone) We Worship The fifth ayah is: You (alone) we worship and You (alone) we ask for help. (Al-Fatiha: 5) This is the middle of the surah and the shift of the surah. At this point there is a great shift in the surah. In previous 3 ayah we already praised Allah. Allah says this ayah is now between Me and my worshipper, I will give my worshipper whatever he/she asks for. â€Å"We worship† means we obey. Worship is obedience and self-abasement. It means to humble yourself before Allah (SWT) and to submit to His Will. Outwardly it is self-abasement, but in reality, it is glory and beautification. The ayah affirms the Lordship of Allah and affirms that worship is due to Him. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta’een† means we seek help, support and success. Usually, in most sentences the verb comes first and then the object; but in this ayah the object of the verb is mentioned first and then the verb. So why is this? It is in order to attach importance to it, to Allah (SWT). It also refers the status of the slave and his worship which is lower so it will come after mentioning the Lord, Allah (SWT). Guide us on the Straight Path The sixth ayah is: Guide us on the Straight Path. (Al-Fatiha: 6) In previous ayah as Allah mentioned that whatever my worshipper will ask I will give him. So whats better than to ask Allah to guide us the straigth path, guide us the path which will benefit us in this world and in the hereafter. For example in normal life when we visit some new often we often need someone to guide us to the destination so we ask someone and he illustrates us the directions. But in this ayah we ask Allah to hold our hands and guide us the path like hold our hands and take us the right place we are looking for. The word seerat means road or a path. But whats the difference between seerat and tareeq or sabeel? Seerat is a road on which we go and get our goals, it is the shortest road with great space for everyone to join. The word Mustaqeem also means straight path, which emphasis the straightness of the path. It means to remain firm and stand without tilting. We should avoid to fall and follow the wrong path. The Path of Those†¦ The seventh and final ayah is: The path of those you have blessed, not of those with anger on them, nor of those who are astray. (Al-Fatiha: 7) As it is mentioned in the previous ayah that guide us the straight path, so there must be a choice of a path which we want Allah to guide us, which path is that? It is the path on which Allah has granted his blessed but not his anger. Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah has favored, the Prophets, the sincere, the martyrs and the righteous, and these are the best company. (Al-Nisa’: 69)So, the favored and blessed people are the Prophets, the righteous, the martyrs and the pious. And who are the people with anger on them and those who are astray? This is explained by the Prophet. ‘Adi ibn Hatim (RA) asked him about those with anger on them and he replied that it refers to the Jews. He then asked him about those who are astray and he replied that it refers to the Christians. This is reported by al-Tirmidhi and is authentic How to cite Surah Fatiha, Papers

Hemingway And Symbolism Essay Research Paper Ernest free essay sample

Hemingway And Symbolism Essay, Research Paper Ernest Hemingway and Symbolism Ernest Miller Hemingway is a well-known American writer who wrote in the 20th century. He has written several novels such as, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea. The Sun Besides Rises was finished on April 1, 1926 and was published in October of 1926. The Sun Besides Rises was Hemingway # 8217 ; s look of his ain life. He had changed the names of his friends and some of the inside informations, but the existent individualities of the characters were obvious to anyone in Paris. The Sun Besides Rises encapsulates the angst of the post-World War I coevals, know as the Lost Generation. This affectingly beautiful narrative of a group of American and English expatriates on a visit from Paris to Pamplona represents a dramatic measure frontward for Hemingway # 8217 ; s germinating manner. Having Left Bank Paris in the 1920 # 8217 ; s and viciously realistic descriptions of bullfighting in Spain, the narrative is about the showy Lady Brett Ashley and the miserable Jake Barnes. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemingway And Symbolism Essay Research Paper Ernest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ernest Miller Hemingway is an American writer who has penned several novels and short narratives ; one of his plant is The Sun Besides Rises. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingway was raised with the conservative Midwestern values of strong faith, difficult work, physical fittingness and self-government ; if one adhered to these parametric quantities, he was taught, he would be ensured of success in whatever field he chose. As a male child, he was taught by his male parent to run and angle. When he wasn # 8217 ; t runing or angling his female parent taught him the finer points of music. Hemingway neer had a bent for music and suffered through choir patterns and cello lessons, nevertheless the musical cognition he acquired from his female parent helped him portion in his first married woman Hadley # 8217 ; s involvement in the piano. Hemingway received his formal schooling in the Oak Park public school system. In high school he was mediocre at athleticss, playing football, swimming, H2O hoops and functioning as the path squad director. He besides worked on the school newspaper called the Trapeze. Hemingway graduated in the spring of 1917 and alternatively of traveling to college the following autumn like his parents expected ; he took a occupation as a newsman for the Kansas City Star. Hemingway signed up as a voluntary ambulance driver for the Red Cross during WWI. He was accepted in December of 1917, left his occupation at the paper in April of 1918, and sailed for Europe in May. When Hemingway returned place from Italy in January of 1919 he found Oak Park dull compared to the escapades of war. With a missive of debut from Sherwood Anderson, Hemingway met some of Paris # 8217 ; outstanding authors and creative persons and forged speedy friendly relationships with them during his foremost few old ages. Counted among those friends were Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, Sylvia Beach, James Joyce, Max Eastman, Lincoln Steffens and Wyndahm Lewis, and he was acquainted with the painters Miro and Picasso. Hemingway was inspired to compose different plants at different times because of the events that occured in his life. Hemingway died July 2, 1961, at his place, as the consequence of self-inflicted gunshot lesions. Ernest Hemingway had a different manner of composing than the other writers in his clip. # 8220 ; The Sun Besides Rises is the book that established Hemingway as a literary force and it introduced the universe to the Lost Generation # 8221 ; . The Lost Generation is referred to as the disillusioned that fought in the war. # 8220 ; Two of the novel # 8217 ; s chief characters, Lady Brett Ashley and Jake Barnes, epitomize the Lost Generation # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; This book has a batch of thematic issues, but the reader truly needs to believe to be able to pick up on all of them # 8221 ; . Friendship, stolidity, and natural grace under force per unit area are offered as the values that affair in an otherwise amoral often-senseless universe. # 8220 ; His head is set on composing merely # 8221 ; . The lone thing Hemingway thought approximately was composing and completing The Sun Besides Rises. # 8220 ; The authorship is as strong and powerful as a Swift boot to the caput # 8221 ; . This quotation mark is mentioning to Hemingway # 8217 ; s strong and complex manner of authorship. # 8220 ; Hemingway writes about the boringness of mundane life but it is interesting at the accent on imbibing during the age of prohibition # 8221 ; . # 8220 ; The lone weakness is that the messages he delivers are a small empty in that we know he delivers them in a manner that we like. His ethical motives are difficult to understand unless you can accomplish his province of head. The chief characters of the novel are Jake Barnes, Brett Ashley, Robert Cohn, and Pedro Romero. While the characters are realistically drawn, each has a kind of representative quality that defines his or her relationship with the group and with the age in which the novel is set. Jake Barnes has his war lesion, which robs him of the ability to hold sex though non the desire ; he is capable of endurance and communicating though non regeneration. Robert Cohn # 8217 ; s Jewishness marks him for exclusion and underlines the snobbery of this circle even in its evident informality. However, he is alienated more by his obstinate gallantry and romanticism, expressed in his changeless earnestness and his obsessional fond regard to Brett. Brett is the promiscuous femme fatale ; Mike is the indiscreet alcoholic ; Bill Gorton is the perceptive jokester ( who makes the sustained mention to stuffed Canis familiariss ) . The overall secret plan concern of apprehension is summarized by the minor but of import character of the count: # 8221 ; That is the secret. You must acquire to cognize the values # 8221 ; . He has searched for intending all of his life and has found it in understanding the values. Most of the other characters have yet to happen the values. Jake is still stuck in the past, unable to acquire beyond the permanency of his war lesion. Yet, he can still visualize of future with Brett. Brett, who will ever stay in her conquerings # 8217 ; memories, is seeking to bury herself in drink and meaningless sex. In malice of this, she can clearly and accurately visualise the improbableness of any hereafter with Jake. One of the chief subjects of The Sun Besides Rises is powerlessness. Not merely Jake # 8217 ; s physical powerlessness, but besides the impotence of the bull in the face of its at hand cruel decease, the characters # 8217 ; barrenness of emotion and deficiency of sensitiveness, their ineffectualness, alcohol addiction, and failure to work out so me kind of meaningful â€Å"personal philosophy† and an â€Å"exhausted cynicism # 8221 ; . Hemingway shows war lesions as the destroyer of love: Jake pursues love without sex and Brett pursues sex without love. Other subjects found under the umbrella of powerlessness are: deficiency of household, rootlessness, nihilism, and disaffection, being from someplace else and being cut off from the yesteryear. It is the cyclical nature of the novel, heralded in the 2nd epigraph ( from Ecclesiastics ) : # 8220 ; One coevals passeth off, and another coevals cometh ; but the Earth abideth everlastingly. . . The Sun besides riseth, and the Sun goeth down. . . All the rivers run into the sea. . . unto the topographic point from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. # 8221 ; The Sun Besides Rises was Hemingway # 8217 ; s best-selling novel and is still a popular book today. The Sun Besides Rises was about the events that were taking topographic point in Hemingway # 8217 ; s life. The Sun Besides Rises can be related to existent life by accepting the fact that it was written from a adult male # 8217 ; s existent life experience. The symbolism in A Farewell to Arms is really much apparent. Ernest Hemingway has ever been one who is large on the symbolism of dark as being bad. To the chief character in Hemingway # 8217 ; s novels, darks have ever been a mark of decease, or something negative to go on. Another one of the symbolisms in A Farewell to Arms is when Henry tries to flight from the Italian ground forces by leaping off one of the ships the ground forces was going on and running off from the ground forces. This symbolism was the H2O that he jumped into was a symbolism of the new, clean life that he was traveling to populate from now on. At this clip, Henry goes off and finds his married woman to be. The stuff objects that Hemingway uses to convey the subject are beer, the good and bad hillsides, and a railway station between two paths. The beer represents the twosome # 8217 ; s, # 8220 ; the American # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; the miss # 8217 ; s # 8221 ; , usual modus operandi activity they do together. This bothers the miss because # 8220 ; that # 8217 ; s all [ they ] do # 8230 ; expression at things and seek new drinks. # 8221 ; This shows that the miss is tired of making the same thing and wants to make something different, like holding a babe and a household, alternatively of gulling around all the clip. She wants to halt being a miss and go a adult female. Hemingway so nowadayss the reader with two contrasting hills. One hill on one side of the station is dull, desolate, and wastes ; # 8220 ; it had no shadiness and no trees # 8221 ; , really desert like. However, the other hill on the other side of the station is beautiful, plentiful in nature, and had # 8220 ; Fieldss of grain and braid along the Bankss of the Ebro River. # 8221 ; Besides on each side of the station where each hill is, there is a train path. These objects are symbolic devices fix the reader in recognizing that the characters are in a topographic point of determination. The railway station is a topographic point of determination where 1 must make up ones mind to travel one manner or the other. The paths symbolize either determination that the miss must do. By the expressions of the environment around each path, it is clear what sort of finish each path leads to. This proves that the miss must make up ones mind whether she wants her organic structure and life to go wastes and desolate or plentiful and beautiful. If she chooses abortion, so, of class, she will take the path with the desolate hills because her organic structure will go a waste desert where no life will stay. On the other manus if she wants to hold the babe, she will take the path which is surrounded by the plentiful and beautiful hills, because her organic structure will be a genisis. Either manner, this clearly conveys the subject of abortion by demoing that the miss must do a life or decease determination. Along with symbolic objects, three symbolic characters further develop the subject of abortion. The three characters are # 8220 ; the miss # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; the American # 8221 ; , and # 8220 ; the woman. # 8221 ; The miss symbolizes youth, artlessness, and na? vety. She is nescient to her concluding determination of holding an abortion, because she is so immature and is still in the premier of her life, sing new things mundane. Hemingway uses her to demo a immature pregnant miss seeking to make up ones mind if holding the babe will destroy her juvenility, ruin her relationship, or in contrast make her a adult female. She is acquiring tired of the same old modus operandi, mentioned before, so her pick is to make something different, to hold the babe, to go a adult female, and leave her infantile ways for good. The lone thing that bases in her manner of her determination is # 8220 ; the American. # 8221 ; The American symbolizes an individualist who wants to make things his manner. Normally Americans have a laid dorsum attitude and Don # 8217 ; t want to mess with anything complicated, as does the American in this narrative. The American supports the subject by opposing the miss and stating that the babe # 8220 ; is the lone thing that fusss # 8221 ; them. He talks of a certain simple # 8220 ; Operation # 8221 ; in which the physicians will merely # 8220 ; allow the air in. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; The American [ # 8216 ; s ] # 8221 ; talk of the # 8220 ; Operation # 8221 ; farther justifies abortion as the subject because the physicians seting the air inside of her, referrs to taking a foetus out of her uterus. The adult male is more concerned with the effects of the babe destroying his life more than hers due to the fact that the adult male says the babe is the lone thing that # 8220 ; fusss [ them ] , when in actuality the adult female approves of the babe. This besides proves the # 8220 ; Operation # 8221 ; is an abortion because the usual instance of abortions is: a adult female gets pregnant, so the adult male gets scared, and tells the adult female to acquire an abortion because the babe will destroy both of their lives. Next is the character of the adult female who shows contrast, and supports the qualities of # 8220 ; the miss # 8221 ; . She is called # 8220 ; the adult female # 8221 ; because she is older, and the reader is to presume, wiser, and experienced. The # 8220 ; girl # 8221 ; negotiations about # 8220 ; holding a all right clip # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; seeking new drinks # 8221 ; which shows that she is still immature, populating a life of easiness, sing a batch of things, where as the adult female brings these # 8220 ; new drinks # 8221 ; to the miss. This displays the adult female as mature, older, and experienced because she is working alternatively of # 8220 ; seeking new drinks # 8221 ; , and # 8220 ; holding a all right time. # 8221 ; She is no longer yound at leisure seeking new drinks, she is working seeking to gain a life. She is an indirect supportive device of the subject in that she the opposite image of what the miss is. The adult female further defines the symbolic qualities of the miss, in other words.